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Cancer is a group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow uncontrollably. These cells may spread to other parts of the body and can affect nearly any part of the body. Cancer is caused due to genetic conditions, harmful environmental factors, prolonged exposure to carcinogens or unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, drinking, stress etc.

Sporadic vs Hereditary Cancer

Learn the difference between the two major types of cancer and how you can reduce risk.

Understanding the Basics

Not all cancers are the same in how they develop. They can be categorized into sporadic and hereditary cancers.

Sporadic Cancer (Most Common)
  • Definition: Caused by genetic mutations acquired during life, not inherited.
  • Causes: Aging, environment (pollution, tobacco), lifestyle (diet, inactivity).
  • Prevalence: ~85–90% of all cancer cases.
  • Prevention: Often preventable through healthy habits and early screenings.
Hereditary Cancer
  • Definition: Caused by inherited gene mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2).
  • Indicators: Family history, early onset, multiple cancers.
  • Prevalence: ~5–10% of all cancer cases.
  • Risk Management: Genetic testing, regular monitoring, sometimes preventive surgery.
Note: If you or a loved one has a family history of cancer, consider talking to a doctor about genetic counseling and early screening.

Lifestyle Choices to Reduce Cancer Risk

Healthy habits can help prevent many types of cancer, especially sporadic ones.

Why Lifestyle Matters

Studies suggest that nearly 40% of all cancers are preventable through healthy lifestyle practices. These changes reduce risk factors that lead to cell damage and mutations.

Key Lifestyle Recommendations:
  • Quit smoking: Strongest known cancer risk factor.
  • Healthy diet: Prioritize plant-based foods, reduce processed and red meats.
  • Exercise: Aim for 30 minutes of activity on most days.
  • Maintain weight: Obesity increases the risk of multiple cancers.
  • Limit alcohol: Alcohol consumption is linked to breast, liver, and colorectal cancer.
  • Sun protection: Wear sunscreen and avoid peak UV hours.
  • Vaccines: HPV and Hepatitis B vaccines help prevent cervical and liver cancer respectively.
  • Regular checkups: Screening helps catch cancers early when most treatable.
Lifestyle and Cancer Prevention

Government Schemes for Cancer Patients

Here are verified Indian government programs providing free or subsidized cancer treatment for eligible patients.

Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY)

Up to ₹5 lakh per family/year for treatment in empanelled hospitals.

Eligibility: SECC-listed / BPL families.

Visit PM-JAY
Health Minister’s Cancer Fund

Funds provided via Regional Cancer Centres across India.

Eligibility: BPL + Govt hospital treatment.

Visit MOHFW
Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi (RAN)

Support for life-threatening diseases including cancer.

Eligibility: BPL + Govt super-specialty hospital treatment.

View Details
Chief Minister Relief Funds

Each state provides support through health assistance schemes.

Eligibility: State-specific. Income proof usually required.

Delhi Arogya Kosh Rajasthan BSBY TN CMCHIS
ESIC / Railway Health Schemes

Free treatment at ESIC hospitals & railway hospitals.

Eligibility: Income < ₹21,000/month (ESIC) or railway employees.

Visit ESIC Railway Portal
NPCDCS Program

Free cancer screening & early detection in district hospitals.

Eligibility: Available to all, especially in rural/low-income areas.

Visit NPCDCS